Apart from special contract or statute every Shipowner is（）a liability akin to that of a common carrier，irrespective of whether the goods were shipped by a Charterer or on a general ship.

The carrier has，before and at the beginning of the voyage，to（）due diligence to make the ship seaworthy.

Contracts whereby the possession and control of a ship vest（）the Charterer are becoming more common today especially in the oil tanker trade.

The merchant undertakes that no claim or allegation shall be made against any servant，agent or subcontractor of the carrier which（）to impose upon any of them or any liability whatsoever in connection with the goods.

A breach of the（）undertaking of seaworthiness at the port of loading entitles the Charterer to refuse to load.

An action for indemnity against a third person may（）after the expiration of the year if brought within the time allowed by the law of the court seized of the case.

The carrier is entitled to limit his liability to the stated sum per package or unit even if he failed to exercise due diligence to make the vessel（）.

If a full cargo is not loaded，the Charterer must pay not only freight on the goods actually shipped but also（）.

Where a charter-party stated that errors of navigation were excluded，it was held that these words referred to non-negligent errors，and（）not wide enough to embrace negligent errors.

Where a propeller shaft passes through the hull，water is prevented from entering by means of a（）.