Customs clearance in the import-export trade is one of the traditional functions of a freight forwarder.Customs clearance measures mainly include （）。

The services that a freight forwarder renders may often range from routine and basic tasks such as（）or customs clearance to a comprehensive package of services.

Currently， different types of multimodal transport operations involving different combinations are taking place.（）transport does not refer to multimodal transport.

In consolidation service， it is usually the consignor who issues to each consignee his bill of lading.

According to INCOTERMS 2010， CIP means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier nominated by the buyer at the named place.

Consolidation can benefit all concerned.For exporters and shippers， they get the benefit of（）than they would have normally paid to the carrier.

There are three major routes of container transportation： Far East to North America， Far East to Europe and Mediterranean， North America to Europe and Mediterranean.

Under documentary credit， the buyer is entitled to take delivery of the goods from the carrier or its agent before settling the payment.

（） is the party which applies to the bank for the opening of a letter of credit.

Supply chain management consists of firms collaborating to leverage strategic positioning and to improve operating efficiency.