Langue refers to the a（）linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules.

Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar.

Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not the written language.

General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole.

A diachronic study of language is the description of language at some point in time.

P （）refers to the realization of langue in actual use.

A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks.

The study of meaning in language is known as semantics.

Language

Pragmatics