IEEE 802.1w is a Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol （RSTP） that can be seen as an evolution of the 802.1 standard. What are the port roles described by 802.1w？（）

Which statement is correct about an OSPF sham-link？（）

When two bridges are competing for the root bridge of an IEEE 802.1D spanning tree and both have the same bridge priority configured， which parameter determines the winner？（）

Which statement best describes OSPF external LSAs （type 5）？（）

Choose two commands that are required to enable multicast on a router， when it is known that the receivers use a specific functionality of IGMPv3.（）

An administrator of a peer-to-peer server application reports that the maximum bandwidth that his application receives is 90 Mb/s. You have an 8-port，100-Mb/s EtherChannel bundle on the switching infrastructure between the two servers， resulting in a bidirectional throughput of more than what is recorded. Which two solutions would allow for more bandwidth for the application？（）

Which three statements are true about policing？ （）

Policy-based routing allows network administrators to implement routing policies to allow or deny paths based on all of these factors except which one？（）

Which statement is true of a source that wants to transmit multicast traffic to group 239.1.1.1？（）

Which three protocols should be explicitly managed by using Control Plane Policing on an Internet border router？（）