Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication.

Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not the written language.

Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settlement of some practical problems. The study of such applications is generally known as a（）linguistics.

Linguistics is generally defined as the s（）study of language.

The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to form words is called morphology.

The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words into permissible sentences in languages is called s（）

Chomsky defines “competence” as the ideal user’s k（）of the rules of his language.

Semantics

Pragmatics is different from semantics in that pragmatics studies meaning not in isolation, but in context.

D（）is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units.