The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussure.

In the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts.

Language is p（）in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have never heard before.

General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole.

The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words into permissible sentences in languages is called s（）

Human capacity for language has a g（）basis, but the details of language have to be taught and learned.

Phonology

Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only studies the morphemes, but also the combination of morphemes into words and words into sentences.

Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings.

Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not the written language.